Mental Entity

We made the assumption that our views of the mental world have been developed in analogy with physical processes. Mental objects like thoughts are made of elementary parts: concepts. The contents (substance) of these objects are representations. The conceptual content of thoughts are intended by propositional attitudes, like belief, desire, norm etc. Mental objects are processed or stored in containers like a mind which has parts like various memories. Mental processes like thinking, memorizing, imaging, etc. are operations on mental objects. The energy equivalent of mental processing are emotions: the forces that make us focus our mental energies. There is an important difference between the mental world and the physical. Where physical processes occur causally, mental processes are controlled by an intentional stance. The outcome of mental processes can be the intention to act. The intention to act may consist of a structure of primary actions: a plan. The actions can be aimed at bringing about physical changes, but they may also be aimed at changing the mental state of another agent: these intended actions are communication actions. Like direct actions, communication actions have a physical appearance. They also need some physical medium to transfer the intended mental state. Speech act is the common term for these actions. Whether this notion of intended control over mental processes and actions is an illusion or not is besides the point in modeling common-sense. The intentional stance implies a kind of backward, teleological reasoning over causally related processes. A mental object like a plan consists of a goal state (intention) and is produced by reasoning from goal to means (actions): this is what rational agency behavior is about. The mental world is not only a reflective one based in our minds eye. We may observe the stream of conscious mental processes, but the role of the mental conceptualizations is of even more important in understanding and communicating with other people. Mental processes and attitudes (sources of intention) are in the first place the building stones for modeling the minds of other people. The intentional stance means in the first place that we attribute to others and to some extent also to many animals intentions and intention directed mental processing and belief.

via LKIF-Core — CC-BY 4.0

Related terms

parent Thing w3.org
child Mental Object
child Subjective Entity
child Mental Process

Source	License	Entries	Why we use it
FIBO	MIT	3,330 classes	Canonical financial ontology from the EDM Council — banking, securities, debt, corporate structure.
Lexicon extension (`lex:` / `dr:`)	MIT	39 classes	Curated M&A terms (Quality of Earnings, SDE, LOI, DSCR, BBS grade, Earnest Money, Purchase Agreement, Working Capital, Customer Concentration) plus Person / Dossier / Evidence / Collector (PROV-O subclasses) that FIBO doesn't cover.
XBRL US-GAAP 2026	FAF royalty-free	17,182 elements (14,760 with documentation)	Every element FASB ships in its 2026 financial-reporting taxonomy — line-item names, abstract groupings, axes, members, types — pulled from `xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/us-gaap-2026.zip`. Standard labels become pref labels; documentation linkbase prose becomes definitions; terse / total / period-start / period-end labels join as alt labels.
Plaid PFC Taxonomy	Published spec	120 categories (16 primary + 104 detail)	Plaid's transaction-categorization taxonomy. `INCOME_WAGES` survives as alt-label so downstream Plaid integrations can lookup canonically; pref label is the humanized leaf ("Wages"); detail rows are `rdfs:subClassOf` their primary.
GnuCash chart of accounts	MIT (paraphrased)	100 accounts (13 with definitions)	Account names + types from the GnuCash US chart templates (common + business). Names + type enums treated as facts; the GPL-tainted `act:description` strings are dropped and replaced with hand-paraphrased one-line definitions for ~30 well-known accounts (Cash, Accounts Receivable, Cost of Goods Sold, Depreciation, Retained Earnings, etc.) at `data/coa_definitions.jsonl`.
Wikidata — finance classes	CC0 1.0	752 classes	Pulled via SPARQL from `wdt:P279*` under `wd:Q43015` (finance) + `wd:Q650241` (financial institution). CC0 — no attribution burden.
schema.org	CC-BY-SA 3.0	1,007 classes	General business concepts (Organization, Product, LocalBusiness, Offer) — used across the open web, matches common consumer vocabulary.
NAICS 2022	US public domain	2,122 codes	The full Census NAICS hierarchy, sector through 6-digit industry — same codes brokers see on Schedule C. Each code links `rdfs:subClassOf` the level above; the numeric code doubles as an alt-label so `541211` matches "Offices of Certified Public Accountants".
Tryton account_us	GPLv3+ (paraphrased)	1,201 entries	The most US-GAAP-native account hierarchy in the OSS ecosystem — balance-sheet vs income-statement classification baked into account types. Names + types ingested as facts; no GPL-tainted prose mirrored.
BEA Glossary	US public domain	200 entries	Bureau of Economic Analysis terminology — national-accounts vocabulary (GDP components, NIPA structure, BEA-specific aggregates). Federal complement to BLS labor-market vocabulary.
FRED Categories	US public domain	669 categories	St. Louis Fed FRED API category taxonomy, top 3 levels — 8 top-level economic domains (Money/Banking/Finance, National Accounts, Prices, etc.) and their sub-categories down to specific measurement areas. Each category links `rdfs:subClassOf` its parent.
ERPNext charts	GPLv3 (paraphrased)	95 entries	Adds `account_number` ranges (1xxx Asset, 2xxx Liability, 4xxx Income, 5xxx Expense) and `account_category` labels that GnuCash and Tryton don't expose explicitly.
OFX 2.x TRNTYPE	Spec (facts)	17 enum values	The bank-statement transaction-type enumeration every U.S. bank-feed downloader uses — CREDIT / DEBIT / INT / DIV / FEE / DEP / ATM / POS / XFER / CHECK / PAYMENT / DIRECTDEP / DIRECTDEBIT / etc. Underneath Plaid's consumer categorization layer.
LKIF-Core	CC-BY 4.0	255 classes	Core legal concepts (roles, norms, actions, processes) from the EU ESTRELLA project — the most-cited open legal ontology.
U.S. Code Title 26 (Internal Revenue Code)	US public domain	1,143 definitions	Explicit "the term X means Y" definitions extracted from the USLM XML feed at uscode.house.gov — §7701 General Definitions plus 1,000+ scattered in-line definitions. Source-linked to Cornell LII.
IRS Publications 334 / 463 / 583	US public domain	21 definitions (hand-triaged from 75 candidates)	SMB-relevant terms inline-defined in the published HTML of IRS Pubs (Trade or business, Sole proprietor, Cash method, Accrual method, Section 179 deduction, Per diem rates, etc.). Triage rules + re-run instructions at `data/irs_triage_notes.md`.
W3C PROV-O	W3C Document License	49 classes (parents only)	Provenance ontology — used as the parent class hierarchy for the dealright-ext Person / Dossier / Evidence / Collector classes. No own page bucket; rendered as parent classes inside dealright-ext term pages.
Wikipedia — supplements	CC-BY-SA 3.0	586 hits	Encyclopedia-length summaries via the REST `/page/summary/` endpoint for richer context on complex concepts (CDOs, derivatives, etc.).
Wikidata — supplements	CC0 1.0	724 hits	One-line structured descriptions attached as an additional block on FIBO pages.
Wiktionary	CC-BY-SA 4.0	322 hits	Plain-language dictionary senses, appended as a supplement where FIBO's formal definition is too terse.
Investor.gov · CFTC · Federal Reserve	US public domain	1,205 entries (82 hits)	Authoritative US regulatory + banking glossaries scraped once into JSONL. Public domain — zero licensing friction.